In shortThe Mahishasura Mardini Stotram, beginning 'ayi giri-nandini', is a Sanskrit hymn of twenty-one verses praising Durga as the slayer of the buffalo demon Mahishasura. Its author is uncertain, and it is sung through Navratri.

The Mahishasura Mardini Stotram, best known by its first words ayi giri-nandini, is a Sanskrit hymn of twenty-one verses in praise of the goddess Durga as the slayer of the buffalo demon Mahishasura (mahishasura-mardini). Each verse ends with the same refrain, jaya jaya he mahishasura-mardini ramya-kapardini shailasute, “victory, victory to you, slayer of the buffalo demon, beautiful one with braided hair, daughter of the mountain”. A twenty-second verse says what reading it brings. The hymn is built for singing, with long chains of rhyming compounds and a bounding rhythm, and it is heard everywhere in India during Navratri.

The story behind it is told in the Devi Mahatmya, part of the Markandeya Purana, where the gods, tormented by Mahishasura, give their powers to the goddess, and she defeats him and his generals. This hymn does not tell that story in order. It dips into it, touching on the battle with Mahishasura’s army, the defeat of Dhumralochana, the war with Shumbha, Nishumbha and Raktabija, and then turns to the goddess herself, her beauty, her mountains and her mercy.

Authorship is uncertain. The hymn is often credited to Shankara, the eighth-century teacher, but the oldest print we could check does not support that. The Brihat Stotra Ratnakara prints it as verses 7 to 27 of a longer thirty-verse Bhagavati Pushpanjali Stotra, and the last verses of that longer text contain the words ‘Ramakrishna, among poets’ and ‘son of Sripati’, which some readers take as the poet’s signature. This page calls it a traditional hymn of uncertain authorship.

Below you will find all twenty-two verses in Devanagari with a simple transliteration and a plain meaning, then notes on its use and sources. The nine nights in which it is most sung are described on the Sharad Navratri page, and the tenth day on the Dussehra page.

The text, transliteration and meaning

The verses are rich in Sanskrit word-play and in names, so the meanings below give the sense in plain words and do not follow every compound. The refrain is written in full in every verse.

Verse 1

अयि गिरिनन्दिनि नन्दितमेदिनि विश्वविनोदिनि नन्दनुते ।
गिरिवरविन्ध्यशिरोधिनिवासिनि विष्णुविलासिनि जिष्णुनुते ।
भगवति हे शितिकण्ठकुटुम्बिनि भूरिकुटुम्बिनि भूरिकृते ।
जय जय हे महिषासुरमर्दिनि रम्य कपर्दिनि शैलसुते ॥

Ayi girinandini nanditamedini vishvavinodini nandanute
Girivaravindhyashirodhinivasini vishnuvilasini jishnunute
Bhagavati he shitikanthakutumbini bhurikutumbini bhurikrite
Jaya jaya he mahishasuramardini ramya kapardini shailasute

MeaningO daughter of the mountain, who gladdens the earth and delights the whole world, praised by Nandi, who live on the peak of the great Vindhya mountain, the joy of Vishnu, praised by Indra. O goddess, wife of the blue-throated Shiva, mother of a great family, doer of great works: victory, victory to you, slayer of the buffalo demon, beautiful one with braided hair, daughter of the mountain.

Verse 2

सुरवरवर्षिणि दुर्धरधर्षिणि दुर्मुखमर्षिणी हर्षरते ।
त्रिभुवनपोषिणि शंकरतोषिणि किल्बिषमोषिणि घोषरते ।
दनुजनिरोषिणि दितिसुतरोषिणि दुर्मदशोषिणि सिन्धुसुते ।
जय जय हे महिषासुरमर्दिनि रम्य कपर्दिनि शैलसुते ॥

Suravaravarshini durdharadharshini durmukhamarshini harsharate
Tribhuvanaposhini shankaratoshini kilbishamoshini ghosharate
Danujaniroshini ditisutaroshini durmadashoshini sindhusute
Jaya jaya he mahishasuramardini ramya kapardini shailasute

MeaningYou pour out blessings on the best of the gods and crush the unconquerable, and you put down the foul-mouthed demon Durmukha. You delight in joy, nourish the three worlds, please Shankara, take away wrongdoing and delight in the roar of victory. You are angry with the sons of Diti and the demons, you dry up the pride of the arrogant, O daughter of the ocean. Victory, victory to you.

Verse 3

अयि जगदम्ब मदम्ब कदम्बवनप्रियवासिनि हासरते ।
शिखरिशिरोमणि तुङ्गहिमालयशृङ्गनिजालयमध्यगते ।
मधुमधुरे मधुकैटभगञ्जिनि कैटभभञ्जिनि रासरते ।
जय जय हे महिषासुरमर्दिनि रम्य कपर्दिनि शैलसुते ॥

Ayi jagadamba madamba kadambavanapriyavasini hasarate
Shikharishiromani tungahimalayashringanijalayamadhyagate
Madhumadhure madhukaitabhaganjini kaitabhabhanjini rasarate
Jaya jaya he mahishasuramardini ramya kapardini shailasute

MeaningO Mother of the world, my own mother, who love to live in the kadamba forest and delight in laughter, who stand at home among the high peaks of the Himalaya, the crest-jewel of mountains. You are sweet like honey, the breaker of the demons Madhu and Kaitabha, and you delight in the dance. Victory, victory to you.

Verse 4

अयि शतखण्डविखण्डितरुण्डवितुण्डितशुण्डगजाधिपते ।
रिपुगजगण्डविदारणचण्डपराक्रमशुण्डमृगाधिपते ।
निजभुजदण्डनिपातितखण्डविपातितमुण्डभटाधिपते ।
जय जय हे महिषासुरमर्दिनि रम्य कपर्दिनि शैलसुते ॥

Ayi shatakhandavikhanditarundavitunditashundagajadhipate
Ripugajagandavidaranachandaparakramashundamrigadhipate
Nijabhujadandanipatitakhandavipatitamundabhatadhipate
Jaya jaya he mahishasuramardini ramya kapardini shailasute

MeaningYou cut the great enemy elephants into hundreds of pieces. Your lion, king of beasts, fiercely tears open the foreheads of enemy elephants, and with the rod of your own arm you strike down and sever the heads of the chiefs among the warriors. Victory, victory to you.

Verse 5

अयि रणदुर्मदशत्रुवधोदितदुर्धरनिर्जरशक्तिभृते ।
चतुरविचारधुरीणमहाशिवदूतकृतप्रमथाधिपते ।
दुरितदुरीहदुराशयदुर्मतिदानवदूतकृतान्तमते ।
जय जय हे महिषासुरमर्दिनि रम्य कपर्दिनि शैलसुते ॥

Ayi ranadurmadashatruvadhoditadurdharanirjarashaktibhrite
Chaturavicharadhurinamahashivadutakritapramathadhipate
Duritadurihadurashayadurmatidanavadutakritantamate
Jaya jaya he mahishasuramardini ramya kapardini shailasute

MeaningYou carry the power of the gods and are set on killing the proud enemies in battle. You made the wise Shiva your messenger and are the lord of the Pramathas, his hosts. To the demon messengers of evil deeds, evil aims and evil minds, your thought is as death. Victory, victory to you.

Verse 6

अयि शरणागतवैरिवधूवरवीरवराभयदानकरे ।
त्रिभुवनमस्तकशूलविरोधिशिरोधिकृतामलशूलकरे ।
दुमिदुमितामरदुन्दुभिनादमहो मुखरीकृततिग्मकरे ।
जय जय हे महिषासुरमर्दिनि रम्य कपर्दिनि शैलसुते ॥

Ayi sharanagatavairivadhuvaraviravarabhayadanakare
Tribhuvanamastakashulavirodhishirodhikritamalashulakare
Dumidumitamaradundubhinadamaho mukharikritatigmakare
Jaya jaya he mahishasuramardini ramya kapardini shailasute

MeaningYou give refuge and freedom from fear to the wives of enemies and to heroes who surrender, and your hand holds a spotless trident that cut down those who opposed the head of the three worlds. The heavenly drums, loud as dumi-dumi, make even the sun resound with the news. Victory, victory to you.

Verse 7

अयि निजहुङ्कृतिमात्रनिराकृतधूम्रविलोचनधूम्रशते ।
समरविशोषितशोणितबीजसमुद्भवशोणितबीजलते ।
शिवशिवशुम्भनिशुम्भमहाहवतर्पितभूतपिशाचरते ।
जय जय हे महिषासुरमर्दिनि रम्य कपर्दिनि शैलसुते ॥

Ayi nijahunkritimatranirakritadhumravilochanadhumrashate
Samaravishoshitashonitabijasamudbhavashonitabijalate
Shivashivashumbhanishumbhamahahavatarpitabhutapishacharate
Jaya jaya he mahishasuramardini ramya kapardini shailasute

MeaningBy the sound of your roar alone you scattered the hundred smoke-eyed soldiers of Dhumralochana. In battle you dried up the blood of Raktabija and the new demons born of every drop, and you were pleased by the ghosts and spirits that feasted in the great fight with Shumbha and Nishumbha. Victory, victory to you.

Verse 8

धनुरनुसंगरणक्षणसंगपरिस्फुरदङ्गनटत्कटके ।
कनकपिशङ्गपृषत्कनिषङ्गरसद्भटशृङ्गहताबटुके ।
कृतचतुरंगबलक्षितिरङ्गघटद्बहुरङ्गरटद्बटुके ।
जय जय हे महिषासुरमर्दिनि रम्य कपर्दिनि शैलसुते ॥

Dhanuranusangaranakshanasangaparisphuradanganatatkatake
Kanakapishangaprishatkanishangarasadbhatashringahatabatuke
Kritachaturangabalakshitirangaghatadbahurangaratadbatuke
Jaya jaya he mahishasuramardini ramya kapardini shailasute

MeaningAs the fight begins your limbs flash and your bracelets ring. With golden-brown arrows from your quiver you strike down the roaring warriors, and you turn the field into a stage on which the four-fold army falls while the loud young fighters cry out. Victory, victory to you.

Verse 9

सुरललनाततथेयितथेयिकृताभिनयोदरनृत्यरते ।
कृतकुकुथः कुकुथो गडदादिकतालकुतूहलगानरते ।
धुधुकुट धुक्कुट धिंधिमितध्वनिधीरमृदङ्गनिनादरते ।
जय जय हे महिषासुरमर्दिनि रम्य कपर्दिनि शैलसुते ॥

Suralalanatatatheyitatheyikritabhinayodaranrityarate
Kritakukuthah kukutho gadadadikatalakutuhalaganarate
Dhudhukuta dhukkuta dhindhimitadhvanidhiramridanganinadarate
Jaya jaya he mahishasuramardini ramya kapardini shailasute

MeaningYou delight in the dance of the heavenly women, whose steps and gestures beat out the sounds 'tatatheyi', in the joyful singing to the beat of the tala, and in the deep notes of the mridanga drum, 'dhudhukut, dhimi'. Victory, victory to you. (The printed edition leaves the second line of this verse incomplete.)

Verse 10

जयजयजप्यजयेजयशब्दपरस्तुतितत्परविश्वनुते ।
झणझणझिञ्झिमि झिङ्कृत नूपुरसिंजितमोहित भूतपते ।
नटितनटार्ध नटी नट नायक नाटितनाट्य सुगानरते ।
जय जय हे महिषासुरमर्दिनि रम्य कपर्दिनि शैलसुते ॥

Jayajayajapyajayejayashabdaparastutitatparavishvanute
Jhanajhanajhinjhimi jhinkrita nupurasinjitamohita bhutapate
Natitanatardha nati nata nayaka natitanatya suganarate
Jaya jaya he mahishasuramardini ramya kapardini shailasute

MeaningYou are praised by all the world with the cry of 'victory, victory'. The sound of your jingling anklets, 'jhana jhana', enchanted even the lord of spirits, Shiva. You delight in the music of the dance and drama, where the actors, the actresses and the leading men perform half-dances. Victory, victory to you.

Verse 11

अयि सुमनः सुमनः सुमनः सुमनः सुमनोहरकान्तियुते ।
श्रितरजनीरजनीरजनीरजनीरजनीकरवक्त्रवृते ।
सुनयनविभ्रमरभ्रमरभ्रमरभ्रमरभ्रमराधिपते ।
जय जय हे महिषासुरमर्दिनि रम्य कपर्दिनि शैलसुते ॥

Ayi sumanah sumanah sumanah sumanah sumanoharakantiyute
Shritarajanirajanirajanirajanirajanikaravaktravrite
Sunayanavibhramarabhramarabhramarabhramarabhramaradhipate
Jaya jaya he mahishasuramardini ramya kapardini shailasute

MeaningA verse of word-play on repeating sounds. You are a lovely, mind-ravishing beauty, as flowers are, with a face like the moon of the night, surrounded by dark hair, and your lovely eyes dart like bees. Victory, victory to you.

Verse 12

सहितमहाहवमल्लमतल्लिकमल्लितरल्लकमल्लरते ।
विरचितवल्लिकपल्लिकमल्लिकभिल्लिकभिल्लिकवर्गवृते ।
सित्कृत्पुल्लसमुल्लसितारुणतल्लजपल्लवसल्ललिते ।
जय जय हे महिषासुरमर्दिनि रम्य कपर्दिनि शैलसुते ॥

Sahitamahahavamallamatallikamallitarallakamallarate
Virachitavallikapallikamallikabhillikabhillikavargavrite
Sitkritpullasamullasitarunatallajapallavasallalite
Jaya jaya he mahishasuramardini ramya kapardini shailasute

MeaningYou delight in the great contest of champion wrestlers, and are attended by bands of hunters and forest people who have woven garlands of creepers and jasmine. You are graceful, like a fine red young shoot shining in the sun. Victory, victory to you.

Verse 13

अविरलगण्डगलन्मदमेदुरमत्तमतङ्गजराजपते ।
त्रिभुवनभूषणभूतकलानिधिरूपपयोनिधिराजसुते ।
अयि सुदतीजनलालसमानसमोहनमन्मथराजसुते ।
जय जय हे महिषासुरमर्दिनि रम्य कपर्दिनि शैलसुते ॥

Aviralagandagalanmadameduramattamatangajarajapate
Tribhuvanabhushanabhutakalanidhirupapayonidhirajasute
Ayi sudatijanalalasamanasamohanamanmatharajasute
Jaya jaya he mahishasuramardini ramya kapardini shailasute

MeaningYou are the queen of the kings of elephants, in full rut with an unbroken stream of must running down their foreheads. You are the adornment of the three worlds, born to the king of the mountains, as the moon was born of the ocean, and you charm the minds of lovely women and are more enchanting than the god of love. Victory, victory to you.

Verse 14

कमलदलामलकोमलकान्तिकलाकलितामलभाललते ।
सकलविलासकलानिलयक्रमकेलिचलत्कलहंसकुले ।
अलिकुलसङ्कुलकुवलयमण्डलमौलिमिलद्बकुलालिकुले ।
जय जय हे महिषासुरमर्दिनि रम्य कपर्दिनि शैलसुते ॥

Kamaladalamalakomalakantikalakalitamalabhalalate
Sakalavilasakalanilayakramakelichalatkalahamsakule
Alikulasankulakuvalayamandalamaulimiladbakulalikule
Jaya jaya he mahishasuramardini ramya kapardini shailasute

MeaningYour forehead is spotless, soft and gleaming with the beauty of a lotus petal. You are the home of every grace and art, where swans move gracefully, and bees gather over the bakula flowers in your hair. Victory, victory to you.

Verse 15

करमुरलीरववीजितकूजितलज्जितकोकिलमञ्जुमते ।
मिलितपुलिन्दमनोहरगुंजितरंजितशैलनिकुञ्जगते ।
निजगुणभूतमहाशबरीगणसद्गुणसम्भृतकेलितले ।
जय जय हे महिषासुरमर्दिनि रम्य कपर्दिनि शैलसुते ॥

Karamuraliravavijitakujitalajjitakokilamanjumate
Militapulindamanoharagunjitaranjitashailanikunjagate
Nijagunabhutamahashabariganasadgunasambhritakelitale
Jaya jaya he mahishasuramardini ramya kapardini shailasute

MeaningYour voice is sweeter than a flute, and the cuckoo is ashamed beside it. You move among the forest groves where the hunter people sing and charm, and you play with the good-hearted wives of the Shabara tribe. Victory, victory to you.

Verse 16

कटितटपीतदुकूलविचित्रमयूखतिरस्कृतचन्द्ररुचे ।
प्रणतसुरासुरमौलिमणिस्फुरदंशुलसन्नखचन्द्ररुचे ।
जितकनकाचलमौलिपदोर्जितनिर्भरकुंजरकुम्भकुचे ।
जय जय हे महिषासुरमर्दिनि रम्य कपर्दिनि शैलसुते ॥

Katitatapitadukulavichitramayukhatiraskritachandraruche
Pranatasurasuramaulimanisphuradamshulasannakhachandraruche
Jitakanakachalamaulipadorjitanirbharakunjarakumbhakuche
Jaya jaya he mahishasuramardini ramya kapardini shailasute

MeaningYour yellow silk garment, with its shimmering rays, puts the moon's light to shame, and the nails of your feet, lit by the jewels in the crowns of the gods and demons who bow, shine like moonbeams. Your breasts are like the temples of a mighty elephant and outshine the golden mountain. Victory, victory to you.

Verse 17

विजितसहस्रकरैकसहस्रकरैकसहस्रकरैकनुते ।
कृतसुरतारकसङ्गरतारकसङ्गरतारकसुनूसुते ।
सुरथसमाधिसमानसमाधिसमाधिसमाधिसुजातरते ।
जय जय हे महिषासुरमर्दिनि रम्य कपर्दिनि शैलसुते ॥

Vijitasahasrakaraikasahasrakaraikasahasrakaraikanute
Kritasuratarakasangaratarakasangaratarakasunusute
Surathasamadhisamanasamadhisamadhisamadhisujatarate
Jaya jaya he mahishasuramardini ramya kapardini shailasute

MeaningYou are praised by the one sun with its thousand rays, you are the mother of Kumara who saved the gods in the battle with the demon Taraka, and you delight in King Suratha and the merchant Samadhi, who attained peace in worshipping you. Victory, victory to you.

Verse 18

पदकमलं करुणानिलये वरिवस्यति योऽनुदिनं स शिवे ।
अयि कमले कमलानिलये कमलानिलयः स कथं न भवेत् ।
तव पदमेव परम्पदमित्यनुशीलयतो मम किं न शिवे ।
जय जय हे महिषासुरमर्दिनि रम्य कपर्दिनि शैलसुते ॥

Padakamalam karunanilaye varivasyati yo'nudinam sa shive
Ayi kamale kamalanilaye kamalanilayah sa katham na bhavet
Tava padameva parampadamityanushilayato mama kim na shive
Jaya jaya he mahishasuramardini ramya kapardini shailasute

MeaningWhoever serves your lotus feet every day, O home of compassion, how can he fail to become the home of Lakshmi herself? I, who think that your feet alone are the highest state, what can fail to go well for me, O auspicious one? Victory, victory to you.

Verse 19

कनकलसत्कलसिन्धुजलैरनुसिञ्चिनुते गुणरङ्गभुवम् ।
भजति स किं न शचीकुचकुम्भतटीपरिरम्भसुखानुभवम् ।
तव चरणं शरणं करवाणि नतामरवाणिनिवासिशिवम् ।
जय जय हे महिषासुरमर्दिनि रम्य कपर्दिनि शैलसुते ॥

Kanakalasatkalasindhujalairanusinchinute gunarangabhuvam
Bhajati sa kim na shachikuchakumbhatatiparirambhasukhanubhavam
Tava charanam sharanam karavani natamaravaninivasishivam
Jaya jaya he mahishasuramardini ramya kapardini shailasute

MeaningYou sprinkle the stage of virtues with water from golden pitchers of sea-water. Does the one who worships you not know the joy that Indra knows in the embrace of Shachi? May I make your feet my refuge, O auspicious one who dwells in the speech of the gods who bow to you. Victory, victory to you.

Verse 20

तव विमलेन्दुकुलं वदनेन्दुमलं सकलं ननुकूलयते ।
किमु पुरुहूतपुरीन्दुमुखीसुमुखीभिरसौ विमुखीक्रियते ।
मम तु मतं शिवनामधने भवती कृपया किमुत क्रियते ।
जय जय हे महिषासुरमर्दिनि रम्य कपर्दिनि शैलसुते ॥

Tava vimalendukulam vadanendumalam sakalam nanukulayate
Kimu puruhutapurindumukhisumukhibhirasau vimukhikriyate
Mama tu matam shivanamadhane bhavati kripaya kimuta kriyate
Jaya jaya he mahishasuramardini ramya kapardini shailasute

MeaningFor the one who has seen your spotless, moon-like face, what can the moon-faced ladies of Indra's city offer, and who would turn away from them? It is my belief that, since I hold the name of Shiva as my wealth, your grace will act for me. What else could be done? Victory, victory to you.

Verse 21

अयि मयि दीन दयालुतया कृपयैव त्वया भवितव्यमुमे ।
अयि जगतो जननी कृपयासि यथासि तथानुमितासिरते ।
यदुचितमत्र भवत्युररीकुरुतादुरुतापमपाकुरुते ।
जय जय हे महिषासुरमर्दिनि रम्य कपर्दिनि शैलसुते ॥

Ayi mayi dina dayalutaya kripayaiva tvaya bhavitavyamume
Ayi jagato janani kripayasi yathasi tathanumitasirate
Yaduchitamatra bhavatyurarikurutadurutapamapakurute
Jaya jaya he mahishasuramardini ramya kapardini shailasute

MeaningO Uma, be kind to me, humble as I am, through compassion alone. You are the mother of the world, and by your kindness you do what is right, so do now what is fitting, and take away my heavy sorrow. Victory, victory to you.

Verse 22 (the benefit verse)

स्तुतिमिमां स्तिमितः सुसमाधिना नियमतो यमतोऽनुदिनं पठेत् ।
परमया रमया स निषेव्यते परिजनोऽरिजनोऽपि च तं भजेत् ॥

Stutimimam stimitah susamadhina niyamato yamato'nudinam pathet
Paramaya ramaya sa nishevyate parijano'rijano'pi cha tam bhajet

MeaningA person who reads this hymn every day with a calm, steady mind and good discipline will, the text says, be served by the greatest prosperity (Rama, Lakshmi), and even his family and his enemies will come to serve him.

Text: Sanskrit Wikisource, page “महिषासुरमर्दिनी स्तोत्रम्”, checked against the Brihat Stotra Ratnakara (an undated print in the Cuddalore collection). Transliteration is simplified; meanings are our own. Verse numbers appear as labels above each verse.

Where the readings differ

The hymn is sung from memory in so many styles that a family’s version may differ in a word or two. Where this page differs from the typed text on Wikisource, the difference comes from the printed edition and from the standard form of the text: in verse 5 vadhodita (“bent on killing”) for vadhodyata, in verse 13 tribhuvana for the misspelt tribhivana, in verse 18 yo ’nudinam, and in verse 19 tava charanam sharanam karavani (“may I make your feet my refuge”). Verse 9 has a line in the printed edition that is left blank, and the second line of that verse is taken from the typed text. The print also differs in verse 4, with nipatita-manda-bhata, which is a misprint of the usual vipatita-munda-bhata, and the typed reading is kept.

When and how it is traditionally recited

The Mahishasura Mardini Stotram is sung through the nine nights of Navratri, and especially on the eighth and ninth days, and on Durga Ashtami. In Bengal and elsewhere it is also heard during Durga Puja. Many families also play or sing it in the morning on Fridays and Tuesdays. The Navratri daily puja guide and the Dussehra puja guide describe how the days are kept.

It is not a hymn to be hurried. The refrain returns after every verse, so a group can sing the verses in turn and everyone join in the last line. Because the verses are long, many people read a few verses a day and learn the whole hymn gradually. Customs differ between regions, and no single rule of day or count belongs to the text.

What the hymn says and what the tradition says it is for

The goddess is shown in many roles: the warrior with a lion who tears open elephants, the mother of Kumara, the lover of dance and song, the lady of the Himalaya and the compassionate mother who is asked, in the last verses, to remove the singer’s sorrow. The refrain keeps the poem steady: all these images are the same goddess, and the final line of every verse returns to her as slayer of the buffalo demon.

Devotees read the story as an image of the victory of courage and good judgement over arrogance. This is the tradition’s reading, and it is for reflection. The benefit verse says that the one who reads the hymn each day with a calm mind will be served by prosperity. It is the hymn’s own claim of faith and not a promise, and nothing in it replaces medical, legal or financial advice. For other hymns to the goddess, see the Bhavani Ashtakam, the Durga Chalisa and the Devi Suktam.

Pronunciation notes

The metre of this hymn is a quick, even beat, and the best way to learn it is to hear it sung. Read the refrain slowly at first: ja-ya ja-ya he ma-hi-shaa-su-ra-mar-di-ni ram-ya ka-par-di-ni shai-la-su-te. The sh in shailasute is the sh of “shoe”, and ai is said as in “aisle”. The rd in mardini is a clear r followed by a d.

Some lines have repeated sounds that are meant to be fast and almost percussive, such as dhudhukut dhukkut dhimimit in verse 9 and jhana jhana jhinjhimi in verse 10. They are the sounds of drums and anklets, and they have no dictionary meaning. Say them evenly and lightly. The jh is a breathy j, and dh a breathy d.

How the text on this page is sourced

The Devanagari follows Sanskrit Wikisource (the page “महिषासुरमर्दिनी स्तोत्रम्”), with the hyphens that divide its compounds removed. Because the Wikisource page is typed and its source edition is not stated, it was compared verse by verse with the printed text in a scan of the Brihat Stotra Ratnakara on archive.org (an undated print in the Cuddalore collection, where the hymn is verses 7 to 27 of the Bhagavati Pushpanjali Stotra, number 105). That print was read from its page images. The two agree in all twenty-one verses and the benefit verse, apart from the differences set out above; the print has a misprint or a gap in verses 4 and 9, which the page does not follow. A search for its opening words in the other printed editions we could read, the Nirnaya Sagar Press ones and the Varanasi one, found no copy of the hymn, so there is only one printed witness, and this page says so.

Frequently asked questions

↳ What is the Mahishasura Mardini Stotram?

It is a Sanskrit hymn of twenty-one verses, beginning 'ayi giri-nandini', in praise of the goddess Durga as the slayer of the buffalo demon Mahishasura. Every verse ends with the same refrain, and a twenty-second verse states the benefit.

↳ Who wrote the Mahishasura Mardini Stotram?

The author is uncertain. It is popularly credited to Shankara, but the oldest print checked does not say so. That print carries it inside a longer hymn whose last verses mention a poet called Ramakrishna, son of Sripati, so some name him as the author.

↳ When is it sung?

It is sung through Navratri, especially on the eighth and ninth days, on Durga Ashtami, and during Durga Puja. Many families also play it on Tuesday and Friday mornings. Customs differ and there is no fixed rule.

↳ What is the story behind it?

The Devi Mahatmya tells how the gods gave their powers to the goddess, who defeated the buffalo demon Mahishasura and his army. The hymn recalls parts of that story along with her other deeds. Devotees read it as the victory of courage over arrogance.

↳ Do I need to understand every word to sing it?

No. Many people sing it by ear. The meanings under each verse give the sense, and the sound and the refrain are learned first. Reading it slowly with the meanings, a few verses at a time, is a good way to begin.

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