Chapter 2 of the Devi Mahatmya has 70 verses in the Markandeya Purana numbering (chapter 82 of the Purana). It opens the middle episode (the madhyama charita), which runs through chapters 2, 3 and 4. After the quiet start of chapter 1 and the story of Vishnu’s sleep, this is the first scene in which the goddess is said to take a body and fight.
The sage Medhas is still speaking to King Suratha and the merchant Samadhi, so the whole chapter is a story told within a story. His answer to their question in chapter 1 was that the goddess is eternal but appears when the gods need her. Here the gods need her badly.
What happens in this chapter
Mahishasura, whose name means the buffalo demon, defeats the gods after a hundred years of war and takes Indra’s seat. He also takes over the work of the Sun, Fire, the Wind, the Moon, Yama and Varuna. The gods, wandering the earth like ordinary people, go to Brahma, and with Brahma to Shiva and Vishnu.
The anger of Vishnu and Shiva when they hear this is the first moment of creation in the chapter. A great light comes out of their faces and out of Brahma. Light also comes out of Indra and the other gods. All of it gathers into a single mass of fire like a burning mountain, and the mass becomes a woman. Each god’s light forms a part of her body. Then each god gives her a weapon, an ornament or a gift, and she answers with a great laugh and a roar that shakes the worlds. Mahishasura hears the sound and comes out to meet her with all his army.
The battle is described in two halves. First the demon generals arrive with armies counted in thousands of chariots (verses 40 to 47), and she destroys their weapons as if in play, and her breath becomes her own attendants, the ganas (verses 50 to 55). Then she destroys the army itself (verses 56 to 70). The chapter ends with the gods raining flowers. Mahishasura himself is not yet defeated. That is the subject of chapter 3.
How the goddess is formed
The text lists in verses 13 to 17 which god’s light became which part of the goddess. It is a short passage but a very well known one.
| Part of her | From whose light | Verse |
|---|---|---|
| Face | Shiva | 13 |
| Hair | Yama | 13 |
| Arms | Vishnu | 13 |
| Breasts | The Moon | 14 |
| Waist | Indra | 14 |
| Calves and thighs | Varuna | 14 |
| Hips | The Earth | 14 |
| Feet | Brahma | 15 |
| Toes | The Sun | 15 |
| Fingers | The Vasus | 15 |
| Nose | Kubera | 15 |
| Teeth | Prajapati | 16 |
| Three eyes | Fire | 16 |
| Eyebrows | The two twilights | 17 |
| Ears | The Wind | 17 |
The gifts of the gods
In verses 20 to 30 the gods give her what is theirs to give. Several of them make a copy of their own weapon and give that, so that they keep the original.
| Giver | Gift | Verse |
|---|---|---|
| Shiva | A trident drawn from his own trident | 20 |
| Vishnu (Krishna) | A discus drawn from his own discus | 20 |
| Varuna | A conch and a noose | 21 and 23 |
| Fire | A spear | 21 |
| The Wind | A bow and two full quivers | 21 |
| Indra | A thunderbolt and a bell from Airavata | 22 |
| Yama | A rod | 23 |
| Brahma | A string of beads and a water pot | 23 |
| The Sun | His rays in the pores of her skin | 24 |
| Time | A sword and a shield | 24 |
| The ocean of milk | A necklace, clothes, a crest jewel, earrings and ornaments | 25 and 26 |
| Vishvakarma | An axe, missiles and an armour | 27 |
| The ocean | Garlands of lotuses and a lotus | 28 |
| The Himalaya | A lion to ride and many jewels | 29 |
| Kubera | A cup that never runs dry | 29 |
| Shesha | A serpent necklace | 30 |
How to read it
The chapter works on two levels. As a story, it is a battle scene with the usual inflated numbers: armies counted in tens of thousands and crores of chariots, which should be read as the epic way of saying that the army was beyond counting. As a text of devotion, it makes a claim that the rest of the book repeats. The goddess is not the property of any one god. She arises from all of them together, and she can do what none of them can do alone.
Different traditions read the details differently. Some read the gods’ light as the powers of the gods themselves, so the goddess is the sum of all divine power. Others read it as the goddess herself taking visible form from her own nature, with the gods only being the occasion. The verses support both readings, and we do not choose between them.
This page gives each verse in Devanagari with a plain transliteration and a meaning in our own words. The meanings follow the Sanskrit closely.
The text, transliteration and meaning
देवासुरमभूद् युद्धं पूर्णमब्दशतं पुरा
महिषेऽसुराणामधिपे देवानां च पुरन्दरे ॥ २.१ ॥
Devasuramabhud yuddham purnamabdashatam pura
Mahishe'suranamadhipe devanam cha purandare
MeaningThe sage says: Long ago there was a war between the gods and the demons that lasted a full hundred years. Mahishasura was lord of the demons and Indra, who destroys cities, was lord of the gods.
तत्रासुरैर्महावीर्यैर्देवसैन्यं पराजितम्
जित्वा च सकलान् देवानिन्द्रोऽभून्महिषासुरः ॥ २.२ ॥
Tatrasurairmahaviryairdevasainyam parajitam
Jitva cha sakalan devanindro'bhunmahishasurah
MeaningIn that war the mighty demons defeated the army of the gods. Having conquered all the gods, Mahishasura became the Indra of heaven.
ततः पराजिता देवाः पद्मयोनिं प्रजापतिम्
पुरस्कृत्य गतास्तत्र यत्रेशगरुडध्वजौ ॥ २.३ ॥
Tatah parajita devah padmayonim prajapatim
Puraskritya gatastatra yatreshagarudadhvajau
MeaningBeaten, the gods put Brahma, the lord of creatures, born from the lotus, at their head and went to where Shiva and Vishnu, the one with Garuda on his banner, were.
यथावृत्तं तयोस्तद्वन्महिषासुरचेष्टितम्
त्रिदशाः कथयामासुर्देवाभिभवविस्तरम् ॥ २.४ ॥
Yathavrittam tayostadvanmahishasuracheshtitam
Tridashah kathayamasurdevabhibhavavistaram
MeaningThey told the two gods exactly what had happened, and described in full how Mahishasura had acted and how the gods had been overcome.
सूर्येन्द्राग्न्यनिलेन्दूनां यमस्य वरुणस्य च
अन्येषां चाधिकारान् स स्वयमेवाधितिष्ठति ॥ २.५ ॥
Suryendragnyanilendunam yamasya varunasya cha
Anyesham chadhikaran sa svayamevadhitishthati
MeaningHe has taken over the offices of the Sun, Indra, Fire, Wind, the Moon, Yama and Varuna, and of others too, and he rules in their places himself.
स्वर्गान्निराकृताः सर्वे तेन देवगणा भुवि
विचरन्ति यथा मर्त्या महिषेण दुरात्मना ॥ २.६ ॥
Svargannirakritah sarve tena devagana bhuvi
Vicharanti yatha martya mahishena duratmana
MeaningAll the gods, thrown out of heaven by the wicked Mahishasura, now wander the earth like mortals.
एतद्वः कथितं सर्वममरारिविचेष्टितम्
शरणं च प्रपन्नाः स्मो वधस्तस्य विचिन्त्यताम् ॥ २.७ ॥
Etadvah kathitam sarvamamararivicheshtitam
Sharanam cha prapannah smo vadhastasya vichintyatam
MeaningWe have told you all that the enemy of the gods has done. And we have come for shelter. Please think of how he may be killed.
इत्थं निशम्य देवानां वचांसि मधुसूदनः
चकार कोपं शम्भुश्च भ्रुकुटीकुटिलाननौ ॥ २.८ ॥
Ittham nishamya devanam vachamsi madhusudanah
Chakara kopam shambhushcha bhrukutikutilananau
MeaningHearing these words of the gods, Vishnu, the destroyer of Madhu, was furious, and so was Shiva, whose face twisted in a frown.
ततोऽतिकोपपूर्णस्य चक्रिणो वदनात्ततः
निश्चक्राम महत्तेजो ब्रह्मणः शङ्करस्य च ॥ २.९ ॥
Tato'tikopapurnasya chakrino vadanattatah
Nishchakrama mahattejo brahmanah shankarasya cha
MeaningThen, from the face of Vishnu, full of rage, a great blaze of light came out, and also from Brahma and Shiva.
अन्येषाञ्चैव देवानां शक्रादीनां शरीरतः
निर्गतं सुमहत्तेजस्तच्चैक्यं समगच्छत ॥ २.१० ॥
Anyeshanchaiva devanam shakradinam shariratah
Nirgatam sumahattejastachchaikyam samagachchhata
MeaningA very great radiance also came out from the bodies of Indra and the other gods, and all of it came together in one.
अतीव तेजसः कूटं ज्वलन्तमिव पर्वतम्
ददृशुस्ते सुरास्तत्र ज्वालाव्याप्तदिगन्तरम् ॥ २.११ ॥
Ativa tejasah kutam jvalantamiva parvatam
Dadrishuste surastatra jvalavyaptadigantaram
MeaningThe gods saw there an enormous mass of light, like a mountain on fire, whose flames filled all the quarters of the sky.
अतुलं तत्र तत्तेजः सर्वदेवशरीरजम्
एकस्थं तदभून्नारी व्याप्तलोकत्रयं त्विषा ॥ २.१२ ॥
Atulam tatra tattejah sarvadevasharirajam
Ekastham tadabhunnari vyaptalokatrayam tvisha
MeaningThat matchless light, born from the bodies of all the gods, gathered in one place and became a woman, whose brilliance filled the three worlds.
NoteThe goddess is not born from a womb here. She forms from light that has gathered into one place, which is how the text shows her as the joint power of all the gods.
यदभूच्छाम्भवं तेजस्तेनाजायत तन्मुखम्
याम्येन चाभवन् केशा बाहवो विष्णुतेजसा ॥ २.१३ ॥
Yadabhuchchhambhavam tejastenajayata tanmukham
Yamyena chabhavan kesha bahavo vishnutejasa
MeaningFrom the light of Shiva her face was formed, from Yama's light her hair, and from Vishnu's light her many arms.
सौम्येन स्तनयोर्युग्मं मध्यं चैन्द्रेण चाभवत्
वारुणेन च जङ्घोरू नितम्बस्तेजसा भुवः ॥ २.१४ ॥
Saumyena stanayoryugmam madhyam chaindrena chabhavat
Varunena cha janghoru nitambastejasa bhuvah
MeaningFrom the Moon's light came her two breasts, from Indra's light her waist, from Varuna's light her thighs and calves, and from the Earth's light her hips.
ब्रह्मणस्तेजसा पादौ तदङ्गुल्योऽर्कतेजसा
वसूनाञ्च कराङ्गुल्यः कौबेरेण च नासिका ॥ २.१५ ॥
Brahmanastejasa padau tadangulyo'rkatejasa
Vasunancha karangulyah kauberena cha nasika
MeaningFrom Brahma's light came her feet, from the Sun's light her toes, from the Vasus her fingers, and from Kubera her nose.
तस्यास्तु दन्ताः सम्भूताः प्राजापत्येन तेजसा
नयनत्रितयं जज्ञे तथा पावकतेजसा ॥ २.१६ ॥
Tasyastu dantah sambhutah prajapatyena tejasa
Nayanatritayam jajne tatha pavakatejasa
MeaningHer teeth came from the light of Prajapati, and her three eyes from the light of Fire.
भ्रुवौ च सन्ध्ययोस्तेजः श्रवणावनिलस्य च
अन्येषां चैव देवानां सम्भवस्तेजसां शिवा ॥ २.१७ ॥
Bhruvau cha sandhyayostejah shravanavanilasya cha
Anyesham chaiva devanam sambhavastejasam shiva
MeaningHer eyebrows came from the light of the two twilights, her ears from the light of the Wind, and her other features from the lights of the remaining gods. So the gentle goddess came to be.
ततः समस्तदेवानां तेजोराशिसमुद्भवाम्
तां विलोक्य मुदं प्रापुरमरा महिषार्दिताः ॥ २.१८ ॥
Tatah samastadevanam tejorashisamudbhavam
Tam vilokya mudam prapuramara mahisharditah
MeaningWhen the gods, harassed by Mahishasura, saw her, born from the mass of light of all the gods, they were glad.
ततो देवा ददुस्तस्यै स्वानि स्वान्यायुधानि च ॥ २.१९ ॥
Tato deva dadustasyai svani svanyayudhani cha
MeaningThen each god gave her his own weapon.
शूलं शूलाद्विनिष्कृष्य ददौ तस्यै पिनाकधृक्
चक्रं च दत्तवान् कृष्णः समुत्पाट्य स्वचक्रतः ॥ २.२० ॥
Shulam shuladvinishkrishya dadau tasyai pinakadhrik
Chakram cha dattavan krishnah samutpatya svachakratah
MeaningShiva, who carries the Pinaka bow, drew a trident out of his own trident and gave it to her, and Krishna drew a discus out of his own discus.
NoteNotice that Shiva and Vishnu make a copy from their own weapon. They give her what they carry without losing it, which is how the text shows power being shared and not handed over.
शङ्खञ्च वरुणः शक्तिं ददौ तस्यै हुताशनः
मारुतो दत्तवांश्चापं बाणपूर्णे तथेषुधी ॥ २.२१ ॥
Shankhancha varunah shaktim dadau tasyai hutashanah
Maruto dattavamshchapam banapurne tatheshudhi
MeaningVaruna gave a conch, Fire gave a spear, the Wind gave a bow and two quivers full of arrows.
वज्रमिन्द्रः समुत्पाट्य कुलिशादमराधिपः
ददौ तस्यै सहस्राक्षो घण्टामैरावताद् गजात् ॥ २.२२ ॥
Vajramindrah samutpatya kulishadamaradhipah
Dadau tasyai sahasraksho ghantamairavatad gajat
MeaningIndra, king of the gods, took a thunderbolt out of his own thunderbolt and gave it, and from his elephant Airavata he gave a bell.
कालदण्डाद्यमो दण्डं पाशं चाम्बुपतिर्ददौ
प्रजापतिश्चाक्षमालां ददौ ब्रह्मा कमण्डलुम् ॥ २.२३ ॥
Kaladandadyamo dandam pasham chambupatirdadau
Prajapatishchakshamalam dadau brahma kamandalum
MeaningYama gave a rod from his staff of time, Varuna the lord of waters gave a noose, and Brahma, lord of creatures, gave a string of beads and a water pot.
समस्तरोमकूपेषु निजरश्मीन् दिवाकरः
कालश्च दत्तवान् खड्गं तस्यै चर्म च निर्मलम् ॥ २.२४ ॥
Samastaromakupeshu nijarashmin divakarah
Kalashcha dattavan khadgam tasyai charma cha nirmalam
MeaningThe Sun put his own rays into all the pores of her skin. Time gave her a sword and a spotless shield.
क्षीरोदश्चामलं हारमजरे च तथाम्बरे
चूडामणिं तथा दिव्यं कुण्डले कटकानि च ॥ २.२५ ॥
Kshirodashchamalam haramajare cha tathambare
Chudamanim tatha divyam kundale katakani cha
MeaningThe Ocean of milk gave her a pure necklace, and clothes that never wear out or fade, a divine jewel for her crest, earrings and bracelets.
अर्धचन्द्रं तथा शुभ्रं केयूरान् सर्वबाहुषु
नूपुरौ विमलौ तद्वद् ग्रैवेयकमनुत्तमम्
अङ्गुलीयकरत्नानि समस्तास्वङ्गुलीषु च ॥ २.२६ ॥
Ardhachandram tatha shubhram keyuran sarvabahushu
Nupurau vimalau tadvad graiveyakamanuttamam
Anguliyakaratnani samastasvangulishu cha
MeaningHe gave a bright half-moon, bracelets for all her arms, two spotless anklets, a necklace of the finest kind, and jewelled rings for all her fingers.
विश्वकर्मा ददौ तस्यै परशुञ्चातिनिर्मलम्
अस्त्राण्यनेकरूपाणि तथाभेद्यं च दंशनम् ॥ २.२७ ॥
Vishvakarma dadau tasyai parashunchatinirmalam
Astranyanekarupani tathabhedyam cha damshanam
MeaningVishvakarma gave her a spotless axe, many kinds of missile weapons, and an armour that nothing could pierce.
अम्लानपङ्कजां मालां शिरस्युरसि चापराम्
अददज्जलधिस्तस्यै पङ्कजं चातिशोभनम् ॥ २.२८ ॥
Amlanapankajam malam shirasyurasi chaparam
Adadajjaladhistasyai pankajam chatishobhanam
MeaningThe Ocean gave her a garland of lotuses that never fade for her head, another for her chest, and a beautiful lotus.
हिमवान् वाहनं सिंहं रत्नानि विविधानि च
ददावशून्यं सुरया पानपात्रं धनाधिपः ॥ २.२९ ॥
Himavan vahanam simham ratnani vividhani cha
Dadavashunyam suraya panapatram dhanadhipah
MeaningThe Himalaya gave her a lion to ride and many kinds of jewels, and the lord of wealth, Kubera, gave her a drinking cup that never runs empty of wine.
शेषश्च सर्वनागेशो महामणिविभूषितम्
नागहारं ददौ तस्यै धत्ते यः पृथिवीमिमाम् ॥ २.३० ॥
Sheshashcha sarvanagesho mahamanivibhushitam
Nagaharam dadau tasyai dhatte yah prithivimimam
MeaningShesha, the king of serpents, who carries this earth, gave her a serpent necklace set with large gems.
अन्यैरपि सुरैर्देवी भूषणैरायुधैस्तथा
संमानिता ननादोच्चैः साट्टहासं मुहुर्मुहुः ॥ २.३१ ॥
Anyairapi surairdevi bhushanairayudhaistatha
Sammanita nanadochchaih sattahasam muhurmuhuh
MeaningOther gods too honoured the goddess with ornaments and weapons. She roared loudly again and again, laughing aloud.
तस्या नादेन घोरेण कृत्स्नमापूरितं नभः
अमायतातिमहता प्रतिशब्दो महानभूत् ॥ २.३२ ॥
Tasya nadena ghorena kritsnamapuritam nabhah
Amayatatimahata pratishabdo mahanabhut
MeaningBy her terrible roar the whole sky was filled, and the very great echo that came back was enormous.
NoteHer roar shakes the worlds, which is the first sign in the text that her power is on a different scale from the demons'.
चुक्षुभुः सकला लोकाः समुद्राश्च चकम्पिरे
चचाल वसुधा चेलुः सकलाश्च महीधराः ॥ २.३३ ॥
Chukshubhuh sakala lokah samudrashcha chakampire
Chachala vasudha cheluh sakalashcha mahidharah
MeaningAll the worlds were shaken, the oceans trembled, the earth quaked and all the mountains moved.
जयेति देवाश्च मुदा तामूचुः सिंहवाहिनीम्
तुष्टुवुर्मुनयश्चैनां भक्तिनम्रात्ममूर्तयः ॥ २.३४ ॥
Jayeti devashcha muda tamuchuh simhavahinim
Tushtuvurmunayashchainam bhaktinamratmamurtayah
MeaningThe gods, glad, said to her, as she sat on the lion, Victory. The sages, their bodies bent in devotion, praised her.
दृष्ट्वा समस्तं संक्षुब्धं त्रैलोक्यममरारयः
सन्नद्धाखिलसैन्यास्ते समुत्तस्थुरुदायुधाः ॥ २.३५ ॥
Drishtva samastam sankshubdham trailokyamamararayah
Sannaddhakhilasainyaste samuttasthurudayudhah
MeaningSeeing the three worlds shaken, the enemies of the gods gathered their whole armies and rose up with weapons raised.
आः किमेतदिति क्रोधादाभाष्य महिषासुरः
अभ्यधावत तं शब्दमशेषैरसुरैर्वृतः ॥ २.३६ ॥
Ah kimetaditi krodhadabhashya mahishasurah
Abhyadhavata tam shabdamasheshairasurairvritah
MeaningMahishasura cried in anger, What is that? and ran towards the sound, surrounded by all the demons.
स ददर्श ततो देवीं व्याप्तलोकत्रयां त्विषा
पादाक्रान्त्या नतभुवं किरीटोल्लिखिताम्बराम् ॥ २.३७ ॥
Sa dadarsha tato devim vyaptalokatrayam tvisha
Padakrantya natabhuvam kiritollikhitambaram
MeaningThen he saw the goddess. Her brilliance filled the three worlds, the earth bent under her feet, her crown scratched the sky,
क्षोभिताशेषपातालां धनुर्ज्यानिः स्वनेन ताम्
दिशो भुजसहस्रेण समन्ताद् व्याप्य संस्थिताम् ॥ २.३८ ॥
Kshobhitasheshapatalam dhanurjyanih svanena tam
Disho bhujasahasrena samantad vyapya samsthitam
Meaningthe sound of her bowstring shook all the underworlds, and she stood filling every direction with her thousand arms.
ततः प्रववृते युद्धं तया देव्या सुरद्विषाम्
शस्त्रास्त्रैर्बहुधा मुक्तैरादीपितदिगन्तरम् ॥ २.३९ ॥
Tatah pravavrite yuddham taya devya suradvisham
Shastrastrairbahudha muktairadipitadigantaram
MeaningThen the battle began between the goddess and the enemies of the gods, with weapons and missiles of every kind thrown, lighting up the sky in all directions.
महिषासुरसेनानीश्चिक्षुराख्यो महासुरः
युयुधे चामरश्चान्यैश्चतुरङ्गबलान्वितः ॥ २.४० ॥
Mahishasurasenanishchikshurakhyo mahasurah
Yuyudhe chamarashchanyaishchaturangabalanvitah
MeaningThe great demon Chikshura, commander of Mahishasura's army, fought, and so did Chamara, with other demons and with fourfold armies.
रथानामयुतैः षड्भिरुदग्राख्यो महासुरः
अयुध्यतायुतानाञ्च सहस्रेण महाहनुः ॥ २.४१ ॥
Rathanamayutaih shadbhirudagrakhyo mahasurah
Ayudhyatayutanancha sahasrena mahahanuh
MeaningThe great demon Udagra fought with sixty thousand chariots, and Mahahanu fought with a thousand times ten thousand.
पञ्चाशद्भिश्च नियुतैरसिलोमा महासुरः
अयुतानां शतैः षड्भिर्वाष्कलो युयुधे रणे ॥ २.४२ ॥
Panchashadbhishcha niyutairasiloma mahasurah
Ayutanam shataih shadbhirvashkalo yuyudhe rane
MeaningThe great demon Asiloma fought with fifty niyutas of chariots (a niyuta is a very large number, usually reckoned at a hundred thousand), and Vaskala fought in the battle with six hundred times ten thousand.
गजवाजिसहस्रौघैरनेकैः परिवारितः
वृतो रथानां कोट्या च युद्धे तस्मिन्नयुध्यत ॥ २.४३ ॥
Gajavajisahasraughairanekaih parivaritah
Vrito rathanam kotya cha yuddhe tasminnayudhyata
MeaningSurrounded by many thousands of elephants and horses, and by ten million chariots, the demon fought in that battle.
बिडालाक्षोऽयुतानाञ्च पञ्चाशद्भिरथायुतैः
युयुधे संयुगे तत्र रथानां परिवारितः ॥ २.४४ ॥
Bidalaksho'yutanancha panchashadbhirathayutaih
Yuyudhe samyuge tatra rathanam parivaritah
MeaningBidalaksha, surrounded by fifty times ten thousand chariots, fought in the battle there.
Not in the printThe Nirnaya Sagar print does not have this verse. The GRETIL e-text and Sanskrit Wikisource do: वृतः कालो रथानाञ्च रणे पञ्चाशतायुतैः; युयुधे संयुगे तत्र तावद्भिः परिवारितः We keep the verse number so that the numbering of the other verses stays the same as on the rest of this site. For reference, the verse means: Kala, surrounded by five hundred thousand chariots, fought in the battle with as many again around him.
अन्ये च तत्रायुतशो रथनागहयैर्वृताः
युयुधुः संयुगे देव्या सह तत्र महासुराः ॥ २.४६ ॥
Anye cha tatrayutasho rathanagahayairvritah
Yuyudhuh samyuge devya saha tatra mahasurah
MeaningMany other great demons, surrounded by chariots, elephants and horses in tens of thousands, fought the goddess in that battle.
कोटिकोटिसहस्रैस्तु रथानां दन्तिनां तथा
हयानाञ्च वृतो युद्धे तत्राभून्महिषासुरः ॥ २.४७ ॥
Kotikotisahasraistu rathanam dantinam tatha
Hayanancha vrito yuddhe tatrabhunmahishasurah
MeaningMahishasura himself was in that battle, surrounded by thousands upon thousands of crores of chariots, elephants and horses.
तोमरैर्भिन्दिपालैश्च शक्तिभिर्मुसलैस्तथा
युयुधुः संयुगे देव्या खड्गैः परशुपट्टिशैः ॥ २.४८ ॥
Tomarairbhindipalaishcha shaktibhirmusalaistatha
Yuyudhuh samyuge devya khadgaih parashupattishaih
MeaningThey fought the goddess in the battle with javelins, spears, spiked clubs, lances and pestles, with swords, axes and double-edged swords.
केचिच्च चिक्षिपुः शक्तीः केचित् पाशांस्तथापरे
देवीं खड्गप्रहारैस्तु ते तां हन्तुं प्रचक्रमुः ॥ २.४९ ॥
Kechichcha chikshipuh shaktih kechit pashamstathapare
Devim khadgapraharaistu te tam hantum prachakramuh
MeaningSome hurled lances, some nooses, and others, with strokes of their swords, set out to kill her.
सापि देवी ततस्तानि शस्त्राण्यस्त्राणि चण्डिका
लीलयैव प्रचिच्छेद निजशस्त्रास्त्रवर्षिणी ॥ २.५० ॥
Sapi devi tatastani shastranyastrani chandika
Lilayaiva prachichchheda nijashastrastravarshini
MeaningBut the goddess Chandika, as if in play, cut all those weapons and missiles to pieces, scattering her own weapons and missiles.
अनायस्तानना देवी स्तूयमाना सुरर्षिभिः
मुमोचासुरदेहेषु शस्त्राण्यस्त्राणि चेश्वरी ॥ २.५१ ॥
Anayastanana devi stuyamana surarshibhih
Mumochasuradeheshu shastranyastrani cheshvari
MeaningWith an unruffled face, praised by gods and sages, the sovereign goddess shot weapons and missiles into the demons' bodies.
सोऽपि क्रुद्धो धुतसटो देव्या वाहनकेशरी
चचारासुरसैन्येषु वनेष्विव हुताशनः ॥ २.५२ ॥
So'pi kruddho dhutasato devya vahanakeshari
Chacharasurasainyeshu vaneshviva hutashanah
MeaningHer mount the lion, angry, with mane tossed, moved among the demon armies like a fire in the forests.
निःश्वासान् मुमुचे यांश्च युध्यमाना रणेऽम्बिका
त एव सद्यः सम्भूता गणाः शतसहस्रशः ॥ २.५३ ॥
Nihshvasan mumuche yamshcha yudhyamana rane'mbika
Ta eva sadyah sambhuta ganah shatasahasrashah
MeaningThe breaths that the goddess Ambika let out as she fought became hundreds of thousands of her attendants at once.
NoteThe attendants (ganas) that come from her breath fight on her side. The text sees them as an extension of her own power and not as separate fighters.
युयुधुस्ते परशुभिर्भिन्दिपालासिपट्टिशैः
नाशयन्तोऽसुरगणान् देवीशक्त्युपबृंहिताः ॥ २.५४ ॥
Yuyudhuste parashubhirbhindipalasipattishaih
Nashayanto'suraganan devishaktyupabrimhitah
MeaningThey fought with axes, spears, swords and lances, and, strengthened by the goddess's power, destroyed the hosts of the demons.
अवादयन्त पटहान् गणाः शङ्खांस्तथापरे
मृदङ्गांश्च तथैवान्ये तस्मिन् युद्धमहोत्सवे ॥ २.५५ ॥
Avadayanta patahan ganah shankhamstathapare
Mridangamshcha tathaivanye tasmin yuddhamahotsave
MeaningSome of the attendants sounded drums, others conches, and others tabors, in that great festival of battle.
ततो देवी त्रिशूलेन गदया शक्तिवृष्टिभिः
खड्गादिभिश्च शतशो निजघान महासुरान् ॥ २.५६ ॥
Tato devi trishulena gadaya shaktivrishtibhih
Khadgadibhishcha shatasho nijaghana mahasuran
MeaningThen the goddess killed great demons by the hundred with her trident, club, showers of spears and swords.
पातयामास चैवान्यान् घण्टास्वनविमोहितान्
असुरान् भुवि पाशेन बद्ध्वा चान्यानकर्षयत् ॥ २.५७ ॥
Patayamasa chaivanyan ghantasvanavimohitan
Asuran bhuvi pashena baddhva chanyanakarshayat
MeaningSome she felled, dazed by the sound of her bell, and others she bound with her noose and dragged along the ground.
केचिद् द्विधा कृतास्तीक्ष्णैः खड्गपातैस्तथापरे
विपोथिता निपातेन गदया भुवि शेरते ॥ २.५८ ॥
Kechid dvidha kritastikshnaih khadgapataistathapare
Vipothita nipatena gadaya bhuvi sherate
MeaningSome were cut in two by sharp sword blows, others were battered by the club and lay on the ground.
वेमुश्च केचिद्रुधिरं मुसलेन भृशं हताः
केचिन्नपातिता भूमौ भिन्नाः शूलेन वक्षसि ॥ २.५९ ॥
Vemushcha kechidrudhiram musalena bhrisham hatah
Kechinnapatita bhumau bhinnah shulena vakshasi
MeaningSome, beaten hard by the pestle, vomited blood, and some, pierced in the chest by the spear, fell to the ground.
निरन्तराः शरौघेण कृताः केचिद्रणाजिरे
सेनानुकारिणः प्राणान् मुमुचुस्त्रिदशार्दनाः ॥ २.६० ॥
Nirantarah sharaughena kritah kechidranajire
Senanukarinah pranan mumuchustridashardanah
MeaningSome, packed together, were stuck with showers of arrows on the field. The tormentors of the gods who followed the army gave up their lives.
केषाञ्चिद्बाहवश्छिन्नाश्छिन्नग्रीवास्तथापरे
शिरांसि पेतुरन्येषामन्ये मध्ये विदारिताः ॥ २.६१ ॥
Keshanchidbahavashchhinnashchhinnagrivastathapare
Shiramsi peturanyeshamanye madhye vidaritah
MeaningSome had their arms cut off, some their necks, the heads of others fell, and others were split down the middle.
विच्छिन्नजङ्घास्त्वपरे पेतुरुर्व्यां महासुराः
एकबाह्वक्षिचरणाः केचिद्देव्या द्विधा कृताः ॥ २.६२ ॥
Vichchhinnajanghastvapare petururvyam mahasurah
Ekabahvakshicharanah kechiddevya dvidha kritah
MeaningOther great demons fell to the ground with their legs cut off, and some had one arm, one eye and one foot left after the goddess had cut them in two.
छिन्नेऽपि चान्ये शिरसि पतिताः पुनरुत्थिताः ॥ २.६३ ॥
Chhinne'pi chanye shirasi patitah punarutthitah
MeaningSome, though their heads had been cut off, got up again, and as headless trunks fought the goddess, taking up the best weapons.
ननृतुश्चापरे तत्र युद्धे तूर्यलयाश्रिताः
कबन्धाश्छिन्नशिरसः खड्गशक्त्यृष्टिपाणयः ॥ २.६४ ॥
Nanritushchapare tatra yuddhe turyalayashritah
Kabandhashchhinnashirasah khadgashaktyrishtipanayah
MeaningOther headless trunks danced in the battle to the rhythm of the music, holding swords, lances and spears.
तिष्ठ तिष्ठेति भाषन्तो देवीमन्ये महासुराः ॥ २.६५ ॥
Tishtha tishtheti bhashanto devimanye mahasurah
MeaningOther great demons called out to the goddess, Stop, stop.
पातितै रथनागाश्वैरसुरैश्च वसुन्धरा
अगम्या साभवत् तत्र यत्राभूत् स महारणः ॥ २.६६ ॥
Patitai rathanagashvairasuraishcha vasundhara
Agamya sabhavat tatra yatrabhut sa maharanah
MeaningThe earth, strewn with fallen chariots, elephants, horses and demons, became impassable wherever that great battle had been.
शोणितौघा महानद्यः सद्यस्तत्र प्रसुस्रुवुः
मध्ये चासुरसैन्यस्य वारणासुरवाजिनाम् ॥ २.६७ ॥
Shonitaugha mahanadyah sadyastatra prasusruvuh
Madhye chasurasainyasya varanasuravajinam
MeaningGreat rivers of blood flowed there at once, through the middle of the demon army, among elephants, demons and horses.
क्षणेन तन्महासैन्यमसुराणां तथाम्बिका
निन्ये क्षयं यथा वह्निस्तृणदारुमहाचयम् ॥ २.६८ ॥
Kshanena tanmahasainyamasuranam tathambika
Ninye kshayam yatha vahnistrinadarumahachayam
MeaningIn an instant the goddess Ambika brought that great army of demons to its end, as a fire consumes a huge heap of grass and wood.
स च सिंहो महानादमुत्सृजन् धुतकेसरः
शरीरेभ्योऽमरारीणामसूनिव विचिन्वति ॥ २.६९ ॥
Sa cha simho mahanadamutsrijan dhutakesarah
Sharirebhyo'mararinamasuniva vichinvati
MeaningAnd the lion, roaring loudly, his mane tossed, went about as though searching out the lives in the demons' bodies.
देव्या गणैश्च तैस्तत्र कृतं युद्धं तथासुरैः
यथैषां तुतुषुर्देवाः पुष्पवृष्टिमुचो दिवि ॥ २.७० ॥
Devya ganaishcha taistatra kritam yuddham tathasuraih
Yathaisham tutushurdevah pushpavrishtimucho divi
MeaningThe fighting that the goddess's attendants carried out there against the demons was such that the gods were pleased and rained flowers from the sky.
NoteThe chapter ends in victory for the gods' side but not yet in the death of Mahishasura. That comes in chapter 3.
Chapter summary
The gods, defeated and driven out of heaven by Mahishasura, take their complaint to Brahma, Shiva and Vishnu. The anger of Vishnu and Shiva produces a blaze of light, and the light of all the gods gathers into a woman. Each god adds a limb by his light and a weapon or ornament by his gift. She roars, the worlds shake, and Mahishasura comes out with his army.
The goddess destroys the weapons of the demon generals as if in play, and her breath becomes a host of attendants who fight beside her. By the end of the chapter the great army has been consumed, as fire consumes a heap of dry wood, and the gods rain flowers from the sky. Mahishasura himself is still to be faced, and that comes in the next chapter.
Where the other texts differ from the print
The Sanskrit above is the text of the Nirnaya Sagar print, which we read page by page against the page images. The GRETIL e-text of the Markandeya Purana (the Sansknet entry) and Sanskrit Wikisource are used here as witnesses only. This chapter has 70 verses in the Purana numbering.
In 13 verses (2.7, 2.13, 2.19, 2.20, 2.22, 2.24, 2.43, 2.45, 2.53, 2.60, 2.63, 2.65, 2.67) the print reads differently from the GRETIL e-text in the words, or does not have the verse, beyond the small typing slips listed further down. In each case we follow the print. The other reading is given here so that you can see it. The GRETIL text is quoted with its typing slips already corrected.
- 2.7: the print has एतद्वः कथितं सर्वममरारिविचेष्टितम् / शरणं च प्रपन्नाः स्मो वधस्तस्य विचिन्त्यताम्. The GRETIL e-text has एतद्वः कथितं सर्वममरारिविचेष्टितम् शरणं वः प्रपन्नाः स्मो वधस्तस्य विचिन्त्यताम्. Wikisource agrees with GRETIL.
- 2.13: the print has यदभूच्छाम्भवं तेजस्तेनाजायत तन्मुखम् / याम्येन चाभवन् केशा बाहवो विष्णुतेजसा. The GRETIL e-text has यदभूच्छाम्भवं तेजस्तेनाजायत तन्मुखम् याम्येन चाभवन् केशा बहवो विष्णुतेजसा. Wikisource agrees with GRETIL.
- 2.19: the print has ततो देवा ददुस्तस्यै स्वानि स्वान्यायुधानि च. The GRETIL e-text has ततो देवा ददुस्तस्यै स्वानि स्वान्यायुधानि च ऊचुर्जयजयेत्युच्चैर्जयन्तीं ते जयैषिणः. Wikisource agrees with GRETIL.
- 2.20: the print has शूलं शूलाद्विनिष्कृष्य ददौ तस्यै पिनाकधृक् / चक्रं च दत्तवान् कृष्णः समुत्पाट्य स्वचक्रतः. The GRETIL e-text has शूलं शूलाद्विनिष्कृष्य ददौ तस्यै पिनाकधृक् चक्रं च दत्तवान् कृष्णः समुत्पाद्य स्वचक्रतः. Wikisource agrees with GRETIL.
- 2.22: the print has वज्रमिन्द्रः समुत्पाट्य कुलिशादमराधिपः / ददौ तस्यै सहस्राक्षो घण्टामैरावताद् गजात्. The GRETIL e-text has वज्रमिन्द्रः समुत्पाद्य कुलिशादमराधिपः ददौ तस्यै सहस्राक्षो घण्टामैरावताद् गजात्. Wikisource agrees with GRETIL.
- 2.24: the print has समस्तरोमकूपेषु निजरश्मीन् दिवाकरः / कालश्च दत्तवान् खड्गं तस्यै चर्म च निर्मलम्. The GRETIL e-text has समस्तरोमकूपेषु निजरश्मीन् दिवाकरः कालश्च दत्तवान् खड्गं तस्याश्चर्म च निर्मलम्. Wikisource has समस्तरोमकूपेषु निजरश्मीन् दिवाकरः कालख्च दत्तवान् खड्गं तस्याश्चर्म च निर्मलम्.
- 2.43: the print has गजवाजिसहस्रौघैरनेकैः परिवारितः / वृतो रथानां कोट्या च युद्धे तस्मिन्नयुध्यत. The GRETIL e-text has गजवाजिसहस्रौघैरनेकैरुग्रदर्शनः वृतो रथानां कोट्या च युद्धे तस्मिन्नयुध्यत. Wikisource agrees with GRETIL.
- 2.45: the print does not have this verse. The GRETIL e-text has वृतः कालो रथानाञ्च रणे पञ्चाशतायुतैः युयुधे संयुगे तत्र तावद्भिः परिवारितः. Wikisource agrees.
- 2.53: the print has निःश्वासान् मुमुचे यांश्च युध्यमाना रणेऽम्बिका / त एव सद्यः सम्भूता गणाः शतसहस्रशः. The GRETIL e-text has निश्वसान्मुमुचे यांश्च युध्यमाना रणेऽम्बिका त एव सद्यः सम्भूता गणाः शतसहस्रशः. Wikisource agrees with GRETIL.
- 2.60: the print has निरन्तराः शरौघेण कृताः केचिद्रणाजिरे / सेनानुकारिणः प्राणान् मुमुचुस्त्रिदशार्दनाः. The GRETIL e-text has निरन्तराः शरौघेण कृताः केचिद्रणाजिरे शैलानुकारिणः प्राणान् मुमुचुस्त्रिदशार्दनाः. Wikisource agrees with GRETIL.
- 2.63: the print has छिन्नेऽपि चान्ये शिरसि पतिताः पुनरुत्थिताः. The GRETIL e-text has छिन्नेऽपि चान्ये शिरसि पतिताः पुनरुत्थिताः कबन्धा युयुधुर्देव्या गृहीतपरमायुधाः. Wikisource agrees with GRETIL.
- 2.65: the print has तिष्ठ तिष्ठेति भाषन्तो देवीमन्ये महासुराः. The GRETIL e-text has तिष्ठ तिष्ठेति भाषन्तो देवीमन्ये महासुराः रुधिरौघविलुप्ताङ्गाः संग्रामे लोमहर्षणे. Wikisource agrees with GRETIL.
- 2.67: the print has शोणितौघा महानद्यः सद्यस्तत्र प्रसुस्रुवुः / मध्ये चासुरसैन्यस्य वारणासुरवाजिनाम्. The GRETIL e-text has शोणितौघा महानद्यः सद्यस्तत्र विसुस्रुवुः मध्ये चासुरसैन्यस्य वारणासुरवाजिनाम्. Wikisource has शोणितौघा महानद्यः सद्यस्तत्र विसुस्त्रुवुः मध्ये चासुरसैन्यस्य वारणासुरवाजिनाम्.
Typing slips in the GRETIL e-text, so that you can see exactly what was changed (the print has the corrected form in each):
- 2.2: the GRETIL e-text has ऽबून्महिषासुरः, a typing slip; the print has ऽभून्महिषासुरः, which we print.
- 2.5: the GRETIL e-text has सूर्येन्द्रग्न्यनिलेन्दूनां, a typing slip shared with Wikisource; the print has सूर्येन्द्राग्न्यनिलेन्दूनां, which we print.
- 2.5: the GRETIL e-text has स्वयमेवाधितिष्ठिति, a typing slip shared with Wikisource; the print has स्वयमेवाधितिष्ठति, which we print.
- 2.15: the GRETIL e-text has तदङ्गुल्योर्ऽकतेजसा, a typing slip shared with Wikisource; the print has तदङ्गुल्योऽर्कतेजसा, which we print.
- 2.23: the GRETIL e-text has माशं, a typing slip shared with Wikisource; the print has पाशं, which we print.
- 2.24: the GRETIL e-text has कालख्च, a typing slip shared with Wikisource; the print has कालश्च, which we print.
- 2.32: the GRETIL e-text has कृत्स्त्रमापूरितं, a typing slip shared with Wikisource; the print has कृत्स्नमापूरितं, which we print.
- 2.56: the GRETIL e-text has शड्गादिभिश्च, a typing slip shared with Wikisource; the print has खड्गादिभिश्च, which we print.
- 2.59: the GRETIL e-text has मुसले, a typing slip shared with Wikisource; the print has मुसलेन, which we print.
- 2.61: the GRETIL e-text has केषाञ्चिद्वाहवश्छिन्नाश्छिन्नग्रीवास्तथापरे, a typing slip shared with Wikisource; the print has केषाञ्चिद्बाहवश्छिन्नाश्छिन्नग्रीवास्तथापरे, which we print.
- 2.64: the GRETIL e-text has कबन्धाश्छिन्नखिरसः, a typing slip shared with Wikisource; the print has कबन्धाश्छिन्नशिरसः, which we print.
- 2.67: the GRETIL e-text has विसुस्त्रुवुः, a typing slip shared with Wikisource; the print reads differently here, as given above.
Wikisource also has a speaker name or an editor’s note written into the verse text in 1 verse (2.1); these are not part of the text and are left out.
Source of the text on this page. The Sanskrit is the text of the Nirnaya Sagar Press edition of the Saptashati (Bombay, Shaka 1839, which is 1917 CE, edited by Vasudev Laxman Shastri Panshikar and published by Tukaram Javaji), read page by page from the scan on archive.org (identifier SaptashatiNirnayaSagarPress, scan pages 125 to 140 for this chapter). We follow the print's readings. We space the words and write the nasals in the usual style of this site, and we do not count that as a difference. The GRETIL e-text of the Markandeya Purana (where this chapter is chapter 82) and Sanskrit Wikisource are used as witnesses only: where they read differently from the print, their readings are listed under the heading above. The print numbers its speaker lines, and its own running count reaches 173 at the end of this chapter; this page keeps the Markandeya Purana numbering, so the verse numbers differ. The transliteration is a simple guide to sound and the meanings are our own wording. See the Devi Mahatmya hub for the full note on sources.