In shortThe Dvadasha Jyotirlinga Stotram is a Sanskrit hymn that names the twelve jyotirlingas of Shiva in twelve verses, with a thirteenth stating its benefit. The printed editions name no author, and the older one-verse list is in the Shiva Purana.

The Dvadasha Jyotirlinga Stotram is a Sanskrit hymn in praise of the twelve jyotirlingas, the shrines where Shiva is believed to have appeared as a column of light. It has twelve verses, one for each shrine, and a thirteenth that states the benefit of reading it. The twelve are named in the same order throughout: Somnath, Mallikarjuna, Mahakala, Omkara, Vaidyanatha, Nagnath, Kedara, Tryambaka, Rameshvara, Bhima, Vishvanatha and Ghrishnesha. Each verse is a short poem of its own, naming the place, saying something about the lord who lives there and ending with a line of salutation or refuge.

The printed editions we checked do not name an author, and popular books often credit the hymn to Shankara, the eighth-century teacher. This page therefore calls it a traditional hymn. It is a later, more poetic form of a much older list of names. The oldest list is the one-verse summary in the Shiva Purana, which is given below the hymn and is the form that many families recite at dawn.

Below you will find the twelve verses and the benefit verse in Devanagari, with a simple transliteration and a plain meaning, each linked to its temple page. Our guide to the twelve jyotirlingas explains the legend of the pillar of light and the practical details of a visit. The hymn is read especially on Maha Shivaratri, and for Shiva worship at home see the Maha Shivaratri puja guide.

The text, transliteration and meaning

Each of the first twelve verses is written in four short lines. A note on the places: for Vaidyanatha, Nagnath and Bhima more than one temple claims the name. Our temple pages set out the claims, and the hymn itself does not choose between them.

Verse 1

सौराष्ट्रदेशे विशदेऽतिरम्ये ।
ज्योतिर्मयं चन्द्रकलावतंसम् ।
भक्तिप्रदानाय कृपावतीर्णं ।
तं सोमनाथं शरणं प्रपद्ये ॥

Saurashtradeshe vishade'tiramye
Jyotirmayam chandrakalavatamsam
Bhaktipradanaya kripavatirnam
Tam somanatham sharanam prapadye

MeaningIn the lovely, bright land of Saurashtra, full of light and adorned with the crescent moon, he came down in compassion to grant devotion. I take refuge in that Somanatha. (read about [Somnath](/pilgrimage/jyotirlingas/somnath/))

Verse 2

श्रीशैलशृङ्गे विबुधातिसङ्गे ।
तुलाद्रितुङ्गेऽपि मुदा वसन्तम् ।
तमर्जुनं मल्लिकपूर्वमेकं ।
नमामि संसारसमुद्रसेतुम् ॥

Shrishailashringe vibudhatisange
Tuladritunge'pi muda vasantam
Tamarjunam mallikapurvamekam
Namami samsarasamudrasetum

MeaningOn the peak of Shri Shaila, among a gathering of sages, he dwells joyfully on the high mountain. I bow to him who is named Arjuna, with Mallika before it, the single bridge across the ocean of worldly life. (read about [Mallikarjuna](/pilgrimage/jyotirlingas/mallikarjuna/))

Verse 3

अवन्तिकायां विहितावतारं ।
मुक्तिप्रदानाय च सज्जनानाम् ।
अकालमृत्योः परिरक्षणार्थं ।
वन्दे महाकालमहासुरेशम् ॥

Avantikayam vihitavataram
Muktipradanaya cha sajjananam
Akalamrityoh parirakshanartham
Vande mahakalamahasuresham

MeaningAt Avantika (Ujjain) he took form to give liberation to good people and to protect them from untimely death. I salute Mahakala, the great lord of the gods. (read about [Mahakaleshwar](/pilgrimage/jyotirlingas/mahakaleshwar/))

Verse 4

कावेरिकानर्मदयोः पवित्रे ।
समागमे सज्जनतारणाय ।
सदैव मान्धातृपुरे वसन्तं ।
ओङ्कारमीशं शिवमेकमीडे ॥

Kaverikanarmadayoh pavitre
Samagame sajjanataranaya
Sadaiva mandhatripure vasantam
Onkaramisham shivamekamide

MeaningAt the pure meeting of the Kaveri and the Narmada, to carry good people across, he lives always in Mandhatapura. I praise the lord Omkara, the one Shiva. (read about [Omkareshwar](/pilgrimage/jyotirlingas/omkareshwar/))

Verse 5

पूर्वोत्तरे प्रज्वलिकानिधाने ।
सदा वसन्तं गिरिजासमेतम् ।
सुरासुराराधितपादपद्मं ।
श्रीवैद्यनाथं तमहं नमामि ॥

Purvottare prajvalikanidhane
Sada vasantam girijasametam
Surasuraradhitapadapadmam
Shrivaidyanatham tamaham namami

MeaningIn the north-east, in the place called Prajvalika, always together with Girija (Parvati), with lotus feet worshipped by gods and demons: I bow to Shri Vaidyanatha. (read about [Vaidyanath](/pilgrimage/jyotirlingas/vaidyanath/))

Verse 6

याम्ये सदङ्गे नगरेऽतिरम्ये ।
विभूषिताङ्गं विविधैश्च भोगैः ।
सद्भक्तिमुक्तिप्रदमीशमेकं ।
श्रीनागनाथं शरणं प्रपद्ये ॥

Yamye sadange nagare'tiramye
Vibhushitangam vividhaishcha bhogaih
Sadbhaktimuktipradamishamekam
Shrinaganatham sharanam prapadye

MeaningIn the lovely southern city of Sadanga, adorned with many enjoyments, the one lord who gives true devotion and liberation: I take refuge in Shri Naganatha. (read about [Nageshwar](/pilgrimage/jyotirlingas/nageshwar/))

Verse 7

महाद्रिपार्श्वे च तटे रमन्तं ।
सम्पूज्यमानं सततं मुनीन्द्रैः ।
सुरासुरैर्यक्षमहोरगाद्यैः ।
केदारमीशं शिवमेकमीडे ॥

Mahadriparshve cha tate ramantam
Sampujyamanam satatam munindraih
Surasurairyakshamahoragadyaih
Kedaramisham shivamekamide

MeaningOn the flank of the great mountain, by its bank, delighting there, always worshipped by the best of the sages, and by gods, demons, yakshas and great serpents: I praise the lord Kedara, the one Shiva. (read about [Kedarnath](/pilgrimage/jyotirlingas/kedarnath/))

Verse 8

सह्याद्रिशीर्षे विमले वसन्तं ।
गोदावरीतीरपवित्रदेशे ।
यद्दर्शनात्पातकमाशु नाशं ।
प्रयाति तं त्र्यम्बकमीशमीडे ॥

Sahyadrishirshe vimale vasantam
Godavaritirapavitradeshe
Yaddarshanatpatakamashu nasham
Prayati tam tryambakamishamide

MeaningOn the pure top of the Sahya mountain, in the holy land by the bank of the Godavari, whose sight quickly destroys sin: I praise the lord Tryambaka. (read about [Trimbakeshwar](/pilgrimage/jyotirlingas/trimbakeshwar/))

Verse 9

सुताम्रपर्णीजलराशियोगे ।
निबध्य सेतुं विशिखैरसंख्यैः ।
श्रीरामचन्द्रेण समर्पितं तं ।
रामेश्वराख्यं नियतं नमामि ॥

Sutamraparnijalarashiyoge
Nibadhya setum vishikhairasankhyaih
Shriramachandrena samarpitam tam
Rameshvarakhyam niyatam namami

MeaningWhere the Tamraparni meets the ocean, having built a bridge with countless arrows, he was set up by Shri Ramachandra. I always bow to him, named Rameshvara. (read about [Rameswaram](/pilgrimage/jyotirlingas/rameswaram/))

Verse 10

यं डाकिनीशाकिनिकासमाजे ।
निषेव्यमाणं पिशिताशनैश्च ।
सदैव भीमादिपदप्रसिद्धं ।
तं शङ्करं भक्तहितं नमामि ॥

Yam dakinishakinikasamaje
Nishevyamanam pishitashanaishcha
Sadaiva bhimadipadaprasiddham
Tam shankaram bhaktahitam namami

MeaningHe is served by crowds of dakinis and shakinis and by eaters of flesh, and is always known by a name that begins with Bhima. I bow to Shankara, who wants the good of his devotees. (read about [Bhimashankar](/pilgrimage/jyotirlingas/bhimashankar/))

Verse 11

सानन्दमानन्दवने वसन्तम् ।
आनन्दकन्दं हतपापवृन्दम् ।
वाराणसीनाथमनाथनाथं ।
श्रीविश्वनाथं शरणं प्रपद्ये ॥

Sanandamanandavane vasantam
Anandakandam hatapapavrindam
Varanasinathamanathanatham
Shrivishvanatham sharanam prapadye

MeaningHe lives in the joyful forest of bliss, full of joy, a source of joy, the destroyer of heaps of sin, lord of Varanasi and the lord of the helpless. I take refuge in Shri Vishvanatha. (read about [Kashi Vishwanath](/pilgrimage/jyotirlingas/kashi-vishwanath/))

Verse 12

इलापुरे रम्यविशालकेऽस्मिन् ।
समुल्लसन्तं च जगद्वरेण्यम् ।
वन्दे महोदारतरं स्वभावं ।
घृष्णेश्वराख्यं शरणं प्रपद्ये ॥

Ilapure ramyavishalake'smin
Samullasantam cha jagadvarenyam
Vande mahodarataram svabhavam
Ghrishneshvarakhyam sharanam prapadye

MeaningAt Ilapura, in this lovely city of Vishalaka, shining, the best in the world, of great and generous nature: I bow to him named Ghrishneshvara and take refuge in him. (read about [Grishneshwar](/pilgrimage/jyotirlingas/grishneshwar/))

Verse 13 (the benefit verse)

ज्योतिर्मयद्वादशलिङ्गकानां ।
शिवात्मनां प्रोक्तमिदं क्रमेण ।
स्तोत्रं पठित्वा मनुजोऽतिभक्त्या ।
फलं तदालोक्य निजं भजेच्च ॥

Jyotirmayadvadashalingakanam
Shivatmanam proktamidam kramena
Stotram pathitva manujo'tibhaktya
Phalam tadalokya nijam bhajechcha

MeaningThis hymn on the twelve luminous lingas of Shiva has been told in order. The last verse says that a person who reads it with great devotion sees its fruit and holds to what is truly his own. The wording is brief, and teachers explain it in different ways.

Text: the Brihat Stotra Ratnakara, edition of the Bhargava Pustakalaya, Varanasi (1957), read from the page image and checked against the 1953 Nirnaya Sagar edition. Transliteration is simplified; meanings are our own. Verse numbers appear as labels above each verse.

The older one-verse list in the Shiva Purana

The same twelve shrines are named, in simpler words, in the first chapter of the Koti Rudra Samhita of the Shiva Purana. The four lines below are the version on Sanskrit Wikisource (verses 21 to 24 of that chapter in the Wikisource numbering). They are very often recited alone, morning and evening, as a short prayer, and they are the source of the order of the twelve in the hymn above. This is the oldest form of the list that we could read, which is why it is given here. The Wikisource page does not name the printed edition it was typed from, so this passage rests on a single witness.

Shiva Purana, Koti Rudra Samhita 1.21

सौराष्ट्रे सोमनाथं च श्रीशैले मल्लिकार्जुनम् ।
उज्जयिन्यां महाकालमोंकारे परमेश्वरम् ॥

Saurashtre somanatham cha shrishaile mallikarjunam
Ujjayinyam mahakalamonkare parameshvaram

MeaningSomanatha in Saurashtra, Mallikarjuna on Shri Shaila, Mahakala in Ujjayini, and the supreme lord at Omkara.

Shiva Purana, Koti Rudra Samhita 1.22

केदारं हिमवत्पृष्ठे डाकिन्यां भीमशंकरम् ।
वाराणस्यां च विश्वेशं त्र्यम्बकं गौतमीतटे ॥

Kedaram himavatprishthe dakinyam bhimashankaram
Varanasyam cha vishvesham tryambakam gautamitate

MeaningKedara on the back of the Himalaya, Bhimashankara in Dakini, Vishvesha in Varanasi, and Tryambaka on the bank of the Gautami (Godavari).

Shiva Purana, Koti Rudra Samhita 1.23

वैद्यनाथं चिताभूमौ नागेशं दारुकावने ।
सेतुबन्धे च रामेशं घुश्मेशं च शिवालये ॥

Vaidyanatham chitabhumau nagesham darukavane
Setubandhe cha ramesham ghushmesham cha shivalaye

MeaningVaidyanatha at the Chitabhumi, Nagesha in the Daruka forest, Rameshvara at Setubandha, and Ghushmesha at Shivalaya.

Shiva Purana, Koti Rudra Samhita 1.24

द्वादशैतानि नामानि प्रातरुत्थाय यः पठेत् ।
सर्वपापविनिर्मुक्तः सर्वसिद्धिफलं लभेत् ॥

Dvadashaitani namani pratarutthaya yah pathet
Sarvapapavinirmuktah sarvasiddhiphalam labhet

MeaningWhoever rises at dawn and says these twelve names is said to be freed from all sin and to gain the fruit of every success.

The twelve at a glance

No. Name in the hymn Place named in the verse Temple page
1 Somanatha Saurashtra Somnath
2 Mallikarjuna Shri Shaila Mallikarjuna
3 Mahakala Avantika (Ujjain) Mahakaleshwar
4 Omkara Mandhatapura Omkareshwar
5 Vaidyanatha Prajvalika Vaidyanath
6 Naganatha Sadanga Nageshwar
7 Kedara the Himalaya Kedarnath
8 Tryambaka the Sahya hills, on the Godavari Trimbakeshwar
9 Rameshvara where the Tamraparni meets the sea Rameswaram
10 Bhima Dakini Bhimashankar
11 Vishvanatha Varanasi, the forest of bliss Kashi Vishwanath
12 Ghrishnesha Ilapura Grishneshwar

Where the printed editions differ

The two printed editions we could read agree on most of the hymn. The differences are these. In verse 1 the 1957 print has vishade ’tiramye (“bright and very lovely”), and the typed text of the 1953 edition on Wikisource gives an unclear word there, so we follow the 1957 page image. In verse 12 the 1957 print has vande mahodara-taram svabhavam (“I bow to him of the most generous nature”), while the 1953 text has nityam mahodara-tara-svabhavam (“of ever most generous nature”). In verse 13 the 1957 print ends phalam tad-alokya nijam bhajecca and the 1953 text phalam tad-alokya-nisham bhajecca, and the beginning is manujo ’ti-bhaktya against manuja ’ti-bhaktya. This page follows the 1957 print, which has the clearer readings, and notes the other. In verse 10 the 1957 print has bhimadi-prasiddham, which is two syllables short for the metre, and the 1953 edition has bhimadi-pada-prasiddhah. The page uses bhimadi-pada-prasiddham, which the metre and the sense need.

When and how it is traditionally recited

Devotees read the stotram on Mondays, at Pradosh, during the month of Shravana and above all on Maha Shivaratri, the great night of Shiva. Those who are planning a pilgrimage to one of the twelve often read it beforehand, and families who cannot travel read it as a way of visiting each shrine in turn by the mind. The Somvar vrat guide and the Pradosh vrat guide describe the weekly observances.

The Shiva Purana verses are the usual morning and evening prayer, and some families say them before setting out on any journey. There is no fixed number of readings, and each family follows its own custom. A common practice is to read the hymn slowly, pausing after each verse to think of the shrine, and to end with the Shiva Purana verses.

What the tradition says it is for

The Shiva Purana verses say that those who say the twelve names at dawn are freed from all sin and gain every success, and verse 13 of the hymn says that the reader who recites it with great devotion will see the fruit of it. Those are statements of faith, and no result in daily life is promised. If you are planning an actual pilgrimage, check each temple’s official website for darshan times and rules, as our temple pages advise.

For the hymn’s picture of Shiva, notice the variety of the twelve verses: a lord of the moon at the sea in Gujarat, a bridge across rebirth in the south, a protector from untimely death at Ujjain, a healer, a refuge for the helpless at Kashi. The hymn gathers all of these as the one Shiva. For other Shiva hymns see the Lingashtakam, the Rudrashtakam and the Shiva Tandava Stotram.

Pronunciation notes

The metre of the hymn is a smooth line of eleven syllables, the upajati, which is why the lines all have a similar length. Say them evenly. The shr in shri and shrishaila is said with a short sh and a rolled r, so shri is shree.

Names to say with care: mallikarjuna is mal-li-kaar-ju-na, mahakala is ma-haa-kaa-la, omkara is om-kaa-ra and ghrishnesha is ghrish-ne-sha, with a breathy gh and a short ri. The word tryambaka is said tryam-ba-ka, with the try said quickly as tri-am. The letter ng in shankara is the ng of “sing”.

How the text on this page is sourced

The hymn has no critical edition, so this page rests on two printed editions of the Brihat Stotra Ratnakara, the large stotra collection: the Bhargava Pustakalaya edition (Varanasi, 1957, edited by Madhav Prasad Vyas, stotra number 214), whose pages were read as images from archive.org, and the Nirnaya Sagar Press edition of 1953, as proofread on Sanskrit Wikisource (the page “द्वादशज्योतिर्लिङ्गस्तोत्रम्”). The differences are listed above. The typed Wikisource page called “ज्योतिर्लिङ्गम्”, which has a different, shorter list with some misspellings, is not used. The Shiva Purana verses come from the Wikisource text of the Koti Rudra Samhita, chapter 1, and the page does not claim more for them than a single typed witness.

Frequently asked questions

↳ What is the Dvadasha Jyotirlinga Stotram?

It is a Sanskrit hymn of twelve verses, with a thirteenth stating its benefit, naming the twelve jyotirlingas of Shiva one by one, from Somnath to Ghrishneshwar. It is read on Mondays, at Pradosh and on Maha Shivaratri.

↳ Who wrote the Dvadasha Jyotirlinga Stotram?

The printed editions we checked name no author. Popular books often credit Shankara, but this cannot be confirmed from the old prints, so this page calls it a traditional hymn.

↳ What is the short 'saurashtre somanatham' verse?

It is the one-verse list of the twelve names in the Shiva Purana, in simpler Sanskrit. It is often recited alone at dawn and dusk, and its order of the twelve is the one followed in the longer hymn.

↳ Do I have to visit the temples to read it?

No. Many families read it as a way of making a pilgrimage in the mind, and many read it before or after a real visit. If you do plan a visit, check each temple's official website before you travel.

↳ Which temple is meant for Vaidyanatha, Nagnath and Bhima?

More than one temple claims each of these names, and the hymn does not choose between them. Our pages on Vaidyanath, Nageshwar and Bhimashankar set out the claims so that you can decide with your own family or teacher.

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